Gynecologic cancers are among the fastest-spreading cancer diseases worldwide, affecting a significant number of women, including young individuals. Dr. Nitin Singhal, a leading expert in gynecological oncology, is dedicated to providing early screening, precise diagnosis, and effective treatment for cancers of the female reproductive organs. His patient-centric approach and meticulous care have earned him the trust and appreciation of many patients.
Symptoms of Gynecologic Cancer
Symptoms can vary depending on the type of gynecologic cancer and may be non-specific. Common symptoms include:
- Unusual Vaginal Bleeding or Discharge: Common in most gynecologic cancers.
- Abdominal or Back Pain, Bloating, and Difficulty Eating: Predominantly seen in ovarian cancer.
- Pelvic Pain or Pressure: Typical in ovarian and uterine cancers.
- Frequent Urination and Constipation: Common in ovarian and vaginal cancers.
- Vulvar Discomfort: Burning, itching, pain, and changes in vulva color or skin in vulvar cancer.
Diagnosis of Gynecologic Cancer
Dr. Nitin Singhal and his team begin with a comprehensive medical history and physical examination, including a pelvic exam. Diagnostic tests may include:
- Biopsy: Tissue samples are examined for cancer cells.
- Colposcopy: A colposcope is used to inspect the vulva, vagina, and cervix.
- Diagnostic Imaging: CT, MRI, and PET scans provide detailed images to assess tumor size and spread.
- Serum Tumor Markers: Blood tests like CA125, beta-HCG, and AFP help diagnose and monitor ovarian cancer.
- Pap Smear Test: Checks for abnormal cells on the cervix that may lead to cervical cancer.
Risk Factors
- Environmental Factors
- Family History
- Hormonal Exposure
- Genetic Modifications
- Infections
Types of Gynecologic Cancers
- Cervical Cancer: Develops in the cervix, often linked to HPV infection.
- Ovarian Cancer: Forms in the ovaries' tissues.
- Uterine Cancer: Occurs when cells in the womb grow uncontrollably, primarily endometrial cancer.
- Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD): Rare conditions involving abnormal growth of trophoblast cells in the womb.
- Vaginal Cancer: Abnormal cell growth in the vagina.
- Vulvar Cancer: Rare cancer primarily affecting postmenopausal women.
Treatment of Gynecologic Cancers
- Surgery: Includes staging, debulking, radical hysterectomy, omentectomy, and lymph node removal. Robot-assisted hysterectomy enhances precision.
- Cytoreductive Surgery: Standard for advanced ovarian cancer.
- Chemotherapy: Uses drugs to shrink or kill cancer cells, administered orally or intravenously.
- Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC): Heated chemotherapy for abdominal cancers.
- Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays to destroy cancer cells.
- Video Endoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy (VEIL): Minimally invasive surgery for vulvar cancer.
